澳洲小学生快速掌握创意写作：4分钟打造精彩开篇！
问题与背景（4分钟）
在故事的第一段，你需要完成三个任务：介绍问题、角色和背景。长篇小说通常先介绍背景，再引出角色，并让角色遇到问题。但在短篇故事中，最好反过来写——从最紧张的时刻开始。因此，你应该先用1-2句话介绍问题，再用1-2句话介绍角色，最后用1-2句话描述背景。
1. 介绍问题（1-3句）
故事一开始就要引发读者的好奇心，让他们想知道发生了什么。你可以用动作场景或对话来展示问题，而不是直接告诉读者。
使用动作场景：
让角色直接面对困难，展示问题，而不是简单描述它。
例如：
劳拉和父亲在夜幕降临时奔跑，身后黑暗的阴影缓缓逼近。他们饥饿的胃在抗议，但必须在天黑前赶到下一个镇，否则后果不堪设想。
使用对话：
用角色的对话展现问题，而不是直接解释情况。
例如：
“如果我们停下，我们就完了。”劳拉的父亲低声说，“天黑了，我们得找个安全的地方。我们需要水，需要食物，这座城里什么都没有。”
Problem and Setting (4 Minutes)
In the first paragraph of your story, you have three main tasks: introduce the problem, characters, and setting. In longer stories, authors often describe the setting first, then introduce the characters and their problem. However, in short narratives, it’s best to do the opposite—start at the most exciting moment. So, begin with 1-2 sentences introducing the problem, then 1-2 sentences for the characters, and finally 1-2 sentences for the setting.
1. Introduce the Problem (1-3 sentences)
The beginning of the story should make the reader curious about what is happening. You can introduce the problem using an action sequence or dialogue instead of directly explaining it.
Using an Action Sequence:
Show characters facing a challenge without stating it outright.
For example:
Stumbling and gasping for breath, Laura and her father ran as the shadow of night crept toward them. Their empty stomachs growled, but they had to reach the next town before nightfall—or suffer the consequences.
Using Dialogue:
Use dialogue to reveal the problem naturally.
For example:
“If we stop, we’re dead,” Laura’s father grunted. “It’s getting dark, and we need to find somewhere safe. We need water. We need food. There’s none of that in this city.”
2. 介绍角色（1-2 句）
问题出现后，告诉读者谁是故事的主角，并用几个细节让他们立刻对这个角色产生兴趣。你可以描述角色的个性、目标或现状。
示例：
•劳拉是个十二岁的女孩，她的棕色卷发乱蓬蓬的，鞋子破旧不堪，但她的眼神依旧坚定。
•她的父亲是个高个子男人，眼神疲惫但锐利，手指因长期劳作而布满老茧。
技巧：
•用动作或对话展示角色，而不是简单描述。
•让角色的特点与故事情节相关联。
2. Introduce the Character (1-2 sentences)
After introducing the problem, let the reader know who the protagonist is. Use a few details to make the character immediately interesting. You can describe their personality, goals, or current state.
Examples:
•Laura was a twelve-year-old girl with tangled brown curls and worn-out shoes, but her eyes still burned with determination.
•Her father was a tall man, his gaze weary but sharp, his fingers calloused from years of hard work.
Tips:
•Show character traits through actions or dialogue rather than simply stating them.
•Make the character’s description relevant to the story.
3. 介绍背景（1-2 句）
背景帮助读者理解故事发生的环境，可以包括地点、时间或社会状况。
示例：
•他们身处一座破败的城市，窗户破裂的建筑投下长长的阴影，街道上空无一人。
•这是第三次世界大战后的第十年，幸存者在废墟中艰难求生。
技巧：
•让背景信息服务于故事，而不是单纯描述环境。
•通过角色的感受或行动展现环境，而不是直接说明。
3. Introduce the Setting (1-2 sentences)
The setting helps the reader understand where and when the story takes place. This could include location, time period, or social conditions.
Examples:
•They stood in a crumbling city, where broken windows cast jagged shadows and the streets lay eerily empty.
•It was the tenth year after World War III, and survivors struggled to exist among the ruins.
Tips:
•Let the setting enhance the story rather than just provide background.
•Show the environment through the character’s perspective or actions instead of stating it directly.
4. 冲突升级（3-6 句）
一旦问题、角色和背景都确定，故事需要向前推进。冲突升级是推动情节发展的关键，它让故事变得更吸引人。
如何让冲突升级？
•让问题变得更复杂：原本的难题变得更糟糕。
•引入新障碍：角色遇到新的挑战或对手。
•增加紧迫感：给角色一个明确的时间限制或危险信号。
示例：
•劳拉拉着父亲的手躲进一条小巷，心跳如雷。身后，一阵沉重的脚步声越来越近。
•“他们找到我们了。”父亲低声说，眼神警觉。
•街角，一队全副武装的士兵正在检查每一栋建筑。太阳的最后一抹光线消失了，夜晚的寒意袭来。
4. Build the Conflict (3-6 sentences)
Once the problem, character, and setting are established, the story must move forward. The conflict drives the narrative and keeps the reader engaged.
Ways to build conflict:
•Make the problem worse: The initial difficulty escalates.
•Introduce new obstacles: The character faces additional challenges or adversaries.
•Increase urgency: A time constraint or growing danger adds tension.
Examples:
•Laura gripped her father’s hand as they ducked into an alley, her heartbeat hammering in her chest. Behind them, the sound of heavy boots drew closer.
•“They’ve found us,” her father whispered, his eyes scanning the darkened street.
•Around the corner, a squad of soldiers methodically searched every building. The last streak of sunlight faded, and the night’s chill set in.